Relationship Between Iris Constitution and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene

Title: Novel Approach of Molecular Genetic Understanding of Iridology: Relationship Between Iris Constitution and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism
DOI No: doi:10.1142/S0192415X05003090
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, Vol. 33, No. 3 (2005) 501-505
Copyright: World Scientific Publishing Company & Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science and Medicine
Author(s): Jae-Young Um
Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea

Nyeon-Hyoung An
College of Pharmacy, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea

Gui-Bi Yang
Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea

Geon-Mok Lee
Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea

Ju-Jang Cho
Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea

Jae-Woon Cho
Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea

Woo-Jun Hwang
Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea

Han-Jung Chae
Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, South Korea

Hyung-Ryong Kim
Department of Dental Pharmacology and Nanoscience and Technology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea

Seung-Heon Hong
College of Pharmacy, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea

Hyung-Min Kim
Correspondence to: Dr. Hyung-Min Kim, Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea. Tel:

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Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea

Abstract: Iridology is the study of the iris of the eye to detect the conditions of the body and its organs, genetic strengths and weaknesses, etc. Although iridology is not widely used as a scientific tool for healthcare professionals to get to the source of people's health conditions, it has been used as a supplementary source to help the diagnosis of medical conditions by noting irregularities of the pigmentation in the iris among some Korean Oriental medical doctors. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism is one of the most well studied genetic markers of vascular disease. We investigated the relationship between iridological constitution and ACE polymorphism in hypertensives. We classified 87 hypertensives and 79 controls according to iris constitution and determined the ACE genotype of each individual. DD genotype was more prevalent in patients with a neurogenic constitution than in controls. This finding supports the hypothesis that D allele is a candidate gene for hypertension and demonstrates the association among ACE genotype, Korean hypertensives and iris constitution.
Keywords: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE); Gene; Polymorphism; Iris Constitution
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