In normal conditions pupils have regular round shape with even edges. Deformation of pupils in most cases is associated with local diseases of the iris. But such deviations can also take place in the dysfunction of the innervation components of the pupilomotor system at all its levels. It is necessary to make the difference between the deformation as the consequence of the dystrophic processes, caused by the local disease, and the dystrophy, developed by the reflex way as the consequence of the diseases of internals and central nervous system. Several types of pupil deformations can be distinguished:
* Drawing (oval-elliptic forms);
* Local flatness (sector deformations);
* Multiformity.
Such changes of pupils configuration, observed in one eye, in most cases are the symptom of the disease and can be observed in both eyes - the signs of hereditary predisposition. Deformations of pupils, caused not by the shift of pupillary belt stroma, but by 'melting' of some parts of the pupillary margin, are considered to be the false variants. Most iridologists interpret such changes in connection with the symptoms of those organs, which reflexogenic zones are situated in the iris sectors, adjacent to the deformed areas of pupil (pupillary area) or situated at the same direction (ciliary area). Multiform deformations are described mostly in patients with brain tumors.
When using the slit lamp, the flatness, not less than 1/6 of pupil circumference, is considered to be significant for making the diagnosis (in the hour coordinates - 2 hours). Computer methods make it possible to interpret 4 times less changes (from 0.5 hours).