---
title: 6.2 The 34 Constitutional Types
description: "![](https://cnri.edu/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/const3.jpg) PupilMetrics includes 34 constitutional types organized into six groups: **#### Group 1 — Lymphatic (8 types)** The Lymphatic constitution is the most common in light-eyed populations. The base iris is typically light blue-grey with well-defined, silk-like or wavy fibers.…"
url: "https://cnri.edu/docs/6-2-the-34-constitutional-types/"
updated: "2026-03-24"
category: Constitutional Iridology
---

# 6.2 The 34 Constitutional Types

![](https://cnri.edu/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/const3.jpg)

PupilMetrics includes 34 constitutional types organized into six groups:

**#### Group 1 — Lymphatic (8 types)**

The Lymphatic constitution is the most common in light-eyed populations. The base iris is typically light blue-grey with well-defined, silk-like or wavy fibers. Subtypes are defined by the presence and character of tophi (whitish connective-tissue deposits), pigmentation, and fiber arrangement.

| Type | Key Feature | Primary Tendencies |

|------|-------------|-------------------|

| ****Pure Lymphatic**** | Sparse pigment, distinct radial fibers | Lymphatic congestion, allergies, upper-respiratory catarrh, rheumatic tendency |

| ****Neurogenic Sensitive**** **(Neurolymphatic)** | Thin, tight, "combed-hair" fibers | CNS sensitivity, migraines, autonomic dysfunction, nervous hypersensitivity |

| ****Neurogenic Robust**** | Thick radials on two levels, transversals | Good nerve vitality but serous membrane susceptibility; overstrain leads to nervous exhaustion |

| ****Lymphatic-Hypoplastic**** | Thickened collarette, crypts, cloudy pupillary zone | Impaired digestion/assimilation, gastric insufficiency, lowered resistance |

| ****Hydrogenoid-Hydrogenic**** | Rounded, well-defined white-to-off-white tophi | Strong allergic/exudative tendency, asthma, eczema, weather-related rheumatism |

| ****Hydrogenoid-Rheumatic**** | Tophi with string-like connections to lymph region | More pronounced rheumatic tendency than base Hydrogenic; dysbiosis |

| ****Classic Rheumatic**** | Transparent tophi and wisps; scurf rim | Exudative diathesis, streptococcal rheumatic group, joint pain, chronic allergies |

| ****Rheumatic-Uric Acidic**** | Enhanced plaques and wisps in stroma | Uric acid diathesis; urate stone tendency; liver/kidney uric acid metabolism disorder |

**#### Group 2 — Haematogenic (2 types)**

The Haematogenic constitution is defined by a uniformly dark brown iris with velvet-like texture and heavy pigmentation. It is associated with blood and metabolic disorders.

| Type | Key Feature | Primary Tendencies |

|------|-------------|-------------------|

| ****Haematogenic I**** | Dense velvet-brown iris, sanded-wood light patches | Blood composition dyscrasia; metabolic disorders of liver and pancreas |

| ****Haematogenic II**** | Brown scleral pigmentation; endocrine signs | Arteriosclerosis, gallstones, hemorrhoids, phlebitis, thyroid and endocrine disorders |

**#### Group 3 — Biliary / Mixed (9 types)**

The Biliary/Mixed iris shows dispersed brown pigmentation overlying a lighter stroma — producing a light brown appearance with blue-green undertones. The liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract are the primary organ affiliations.

| Type | Key Feature | Primary Tendencies |

|------|-------------|-------------------|

| ****Classic Biliary**** **(Mixed Iris)** | Light brown iris; dense nutritive zone pigment | Liver/gallbladder congestion; digestive errors; constipation, flatulence, blood sugar instability |

| ****Ferrum Chromotosis**** | Golden-brown/red-brown pigments encircling collarette | Hepatic parenchyma damage; fat metabolism difficulty; fatigue; depression |

| ****Rheumatic-Uric Acidic-Dyscratic Gr.1**** | Central heterochromia; plaques/tophi; cramp rings in liver zone | Rheumatic illness; uric acid metabolism disorder; gastric secretion imbalance |

| ****Rheumatic-Uric Acidic-Dyscratic Gr.2**** | Strong pigmentation; scurf rim; dispersed liver pigments | Increased chronic inflammatory tendency (sinusitis, appendicitis, tonsillitis) |

| ****Rheumatic-Dyscratic-Hepatic**** | Distinct tophi/plaque pigmentation; liver-zone darkening | Chronic rheumatism combined with liver dysfunction; dysbiosis |

| ****Rheumatic-Uric Acidic-Dyscratic-Hepatic**** | Full-iris pigmentation; uric acid clouds; progressed plaques | Chronic rheumatism, uric acid complications, liver and biliary involvement |

| ****Rheumatic-Arthrotic**** | Mixed iris; brown/yellow tophi pigment; border pigments | Arthrotic chronic rheumatic illness; liver/kidney metabolic irregularity |

| ****Rheumatic-Arthrotic-Dyscratic**** | Stronger tophi/plaque pigmentation; uric acid granules | Degenerative joint disease; dyspepsia; gastric secretion disorders |

| ****Arthrotic-Dyscratic-Dysenzymatic**** | Haematogenic transition; rheumatic plaques; stomach-field outline | Liver, pancreas, GI disorders; raised uric acid, blood lipids, blood sugar |

**#### Group 4 — Pathological Constitutions (6 types)**

Pathological constitutions represent inherited structural weakness patterns identifiable as lacunae, defect markings, or corneal signs, regardless of primary iris color.

| Type | Key Feature | Primary Tendencies |

|------|-------------|-------------------|

| ****Glandular Pathological**** | Petal-pattern lacunae around collarette; distended collarette | Endocrine/exocrine glandular weakness; diabetes predisposition; anxiety, depression |

| ****Immuno-Pathological**** | Grey/black substance-defect points; absent or broken frill | Poor immune resistance; frequent infections; poor physical endurance |

| ****Cardio-Pathological**** | Open defect marking at 3 o'clock (heart zone) on frill | Inborn left cardiac insufficiency risk; endocarditis/myocarditis susceptibility |

| ****Vegetative-Spastic**** **(Larvate Tetanic)** | Cramp rings (circular contraction furrows); radial folds | Elevated neuromuscular tension; spasms; migraines; anxiety; hypocalcemia |

| ****Mesenchymal Pathological**** **(Weak Connective Tissue)** | Large, numerous lacunae; honeycomb patterns; irregular collarette | Inherited connective tissue weakness; varicosities; prolapse; spinal subluxations; fractures |

| ****Lipaemic Pathological**** | Arcus senilis / cholesterol ring (corneal sign, not iris) | Raised blood lipids; premature arteriosclerosis; stroke risk; liver/fat metabolism disorder |

**#### Group 5 — Syndromes (6 types)**

Syndromes represent combined constitutional expressions involving specific organ pairings, visible as lacunae patterns in defined iris sectors.

| Type | Key Feature | Primary Tendencies |

|------|-------------|-------------------|

| ****Cardio-Renal**** | Lacunae in heart AND kidney fields (left iris); scurf rim | Left cardiac + renal insufficiency; edema; dyspnea; begins in middle age |

| ****Cardio-Abdominal**** | Large heart lacuna; colonic lacunae; distended collarette in splenic flexure | Colon congestion mechanically stressing heart; flatulence; cardiac dyspnea |

| ****Pancreatic**** | Lacunae in pancreatic sector and bronchial zone | Multi-glandular insufficiency; hereditary bronchial and pancreatic weakness; childhood infections |

| ****Hepato-Gastric**** | Liver pigment over liver zone; radial/transverse line from pylorus to liver zone | Liver/gallbladder disturbance; possible erosive ulcer; jaundice tendency |

| ****Hepato-Lienal**** | Dirty yellow ciliary pigment; dark spleen field (splenic triad) | Spleen enlargement; venous congestion; viral infections; pancreatic excretory dysfunction |

| ****Hepato-Renal**** | Green-brown-yellow "liver iris"; transversals in liver-kidney zones | Full range of liver and kidney disorders; poor food tolerance; hypotension |

**#### Group 6 — Pre-Cancerous Constitutions (3 types)**

Pre-cancerous constitutions describe inherited miasmatic terrains associated with chronic toxicosis, metabolic retention, and increased neoplasm risk. These require the greatest caution in clinical interpretation and must never be communicated to a patient without full clinical context.

| Type | Key Feature | Primary Tendencies |

|------|-------------|-------------------|

| ****Psoric**** | Loose ciliary zone with crypts; open/closed lacunae near collarette; unequal pupils | Immune system pathology; allergic diseases; skin eruptions; reduced drug tolerance |

| ****Sycotic**** | Dark pupillary zone; brighter ciliary zone from contraction furrows; scurf rim | Viral/bacterial immune sensitivity; endocrine disturbances; condyloma; arthritis |

| ****Carbon Nitrogen**** | Dark pupillary crypts; yellow-brown humoral zone; scurf rim; splenic triad | Carbonic/nitrogen waste accumulation; neoplasm tendency from retained toxicosis; arteriosclerosis |