Pupillary Assessment for the Detection of Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of Multiform Pupil Shapes Using Bexel Irina Software

This study investigates the potential of pupillary assessment as a reliable and accessible diagnostic tool for cerebral ischemic stroke, and provides important insights into the relationship between pupil abnormalities and neurological impairment. The findings of this study have important implications for the development of effective diagnostic and management strategies for ischemic stroke, and could ultimately improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The concluding results of this study indicate that pupillary abnormalities could potentially be used as an early indicator of ischemic cerebral strokes and that further research is recommended.

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Iridodiagnostics and Cardiovascular Diseases Review Part 1: The Pupils

This review is divided into four sections, reflecting the three main components of human eye topography: the pupil, collarette, and iris. The fourth section focuses on inherited and acquired traits related to cardiovascular weakness in constitutional classifications. The human eye is connected to the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls involuntary bodily functions, through both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. This study investigates pupillary deformations, protrusions, collarette and iris anomalies, and their potential connections to cardiovascular pathologies, as explored by several past authors, researchers, and investigators.

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Iridodiagnostics in Cardiovascular Diseases – Part 2: Exploring Correlations Between Collarette Shifting and Pupil Anomalies: Insights into Cardiological Disease Indicators

Part two of this study investigates the association between pupil anomalies and cardiovascular diseases, while the second examines the relationship between collarette shifting in the iris and specific pupil anomalies. The analysis is based on a dataset of 480 eye images, including 83 cases exhibiting significant collarette shifting. This research explores the prevalence of these anomalies, their correlations with pupil decentration, and their potential implications for cardiovascular diseases. Using advanced statistical and visualization techniques, emerging patterns have been identified that link pupil anomalies, collarette shifts, and conditions such as hypertension and cardiac overload.

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An Overview of Cardiovascular Diseases in Iridodiagnostics – Part 3: The Iris

This is the third section of the Overview of Cardiovascular Diseases in Iridodiagnostics, focusing on the iris of the human eye. Recent years have seen renewed interest in machine learning for iris analysis, ranging from traditional feature methods (PCA, GLCM, fuzzy clustering) to deep learning for cardiovascular diagnosis.
 
Could machine learning and non-biased A.I. become the new “Gold Standard” for the credibility of iridodiagnostics including all sciences?

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An Overview of Cardiovascular Diseases in Iridodiagnostics, Part 4: Constitution, Phenotypes, machine learning analysis and Conclusion.

This is the fourth section of the overview on cardiovascular diseases in iridodiagnostics, focusing specifically on human phenotypes and constitutions.

This section is presented for interest and research purposes since there are limited clinical studies involving cardiovascular diseases and constitutional classification of the human iris. The terms constitution and phenotype are related but distinct concepts in biology and medicine. 

Constitution type refers to an individual’s overall physical and physiological makeup, including genetic, structural, and functional characteristics. Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an individual resulting from interaction with the environment and their genetics (genotype) . 

All four sections of this review are analyzed using machine learning and AI applications, culminating in detailed conclusions.

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