The human iris is considered genotypic. The characteristics of the iris, such as its color, pattern, and structure, are influenced by genetic factors. These genetic factors determine the distribution of pigments like melanin and the formation of unique iris patterns.
Breakdown of how genetics affects the iris:
- Iris Color: The color of the iris is primarily determined by genetic variation affecting the amount and type of melanin pigment present. Genes such as OCA2 and HERC2 play significant roles in regulating iris color.
- Iris Pattern: The unique patterns and structures within the iris, such as striations, crypts, and pigments, are also said to be genetically influenced. These patterns are formed during embryonic development and can be used for individual identification, such as in biometric iris recognition and iridodiagnostics.
- Iris Health and Conditions: Genetic predispositions can also affect iris health and the likelihood of certain conditions. For example, genetic factors can influence the risk of developing iris-related diseases or abnormalities. Genetic factors also play an important role in Iridodiagnostics to establish if pathology is hereditary in nature. It is important to examine the iris sector in relation to the deformation of the pupil in the same sector to help determine whether hereditary weaknesses are currently impacting the central nervous system.
Overall, while the physical appearance of the iris is shaped by genetic factors, it is also influenced by environmental factors and developmental conditions in the human body.